Computer of Generation

First Generation(1946-1954)

First Generation

In 1946 the digital computer using electronic values (vacuum tubes) are known as first generation computers. The first 'computer' to use electronic values i.e., vacuum tubes the high cost of vacuum tubes prevented their use for main memory. They stored information in the from of propagating sound waves. 

Limitations of First Generation Computer

• They used values vacuum tubes as their main electronic component.
• They were large in size, slow in processing and had less storage capacity.
• They consumed lots of electricity and produced lots of head.
• Their computing capabilities were limited.
• They were not so accurate and reliable.
• They use machine level language for programming.
• They were very expensive.

Second Generation(1955-1964)

Second Generation

The second generation computer used transistors for CPU component and ferrite cores for main memory & magnetic disks for secondary memory. They used high level languages such as FORTRAN(1956), ALGOL(1960) & COBOL(1960-1961). Input output (I/O) processor was included to control I/O operations.

Features

• Transistors were used instead of vacuum tube.
• Processing speed is faster than First Generation Computer (Micro & Second).
• Smaller in size (51 square feet).
• The input and output devices were faster.

Third Generation(1964-1977)

Third Generation

By the development of a small chip consisting of the 300 transistors. These integrated circuits (IC)s are popularly known as chips.

Computers of this generation were small in size, low cost, large memory and processing speed is very high. very soon ICs were replaced by LSI (Large Scale Integration) which consisted about 100 components.

Features

• They used integrated circuit (IC) chips in place of the transistors.
• Semi conductor memory devise were used.
• The size was greatly reduced the speed of processing was high and they were more accurate and reliable.
• Large scale integration (LSI) and very large scale integration (VLSI) were also developed.
• The mini computers were introduced in this generation.
• They used high level language for programming.

Fourth Generation(1978-Present)

Fourth Generation

An IC containing about 100 components is called LSI )Large Scale Integration) and the one, which has more than 1000 such components is called as VLSI (Very Large scale Integration).

It uses large scale integration circuits (LSIC) built on a single silicon chip called microprocessors. Due to the development of microprocessor it is possible to place computers central processing unit (CPU) on single chip these computers are called micro computers.

Features

• They used Microprocessor (VLSI) as their main switching element.
• They are also called as micro computers or personal computers.
• Their size varies from desktop to laptop or palm top.
• They have very high speed  of processing they are 100% accurate, reliable, diligent and versatile. 
• They have very large storege capacity.

Fifth Generation(Present and Future)

Fifth Generation

Fifth generation computer use ULSI (Ultra Large scale Integration) chips. Millions of transactions are placed in a single IC in ULSI chips.

Fifth generation computing devices, based on Artificial Intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition that are being used today.

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